Turkmenistan, a lesser-known gem in Central Asia, is a land of stark contrasts and incredible history. From its vast deserts to its ancient Silk Road cities, this country offers a rich tapestry of experiences for the intrepid traveler. In this guide, we will explore how to discover hidden gems, top attractions, and things to do in Turkmenistan, including guided tours, activities, things of interest, and cultural experiences. Additionally, we’ll cover the best time to visit, cities of interest, what to expect, local food, nightlife, and culture.

Hidden Gems and Top Attractions

Darvaza Gas Crater (Door to Hell)

One of the most striking and surreal sights in Turkmenistan is the Darvaza Gas Crater, often referred to as the "Door to Hell." This massive, fiery crater in the middle of the Karakum Desert has been burning continuously for decades. It is a fascinating and eerie experience to visit this natural phenomenon, especially at night when the flames light up the desert.

Ancient City of Merv

The ancient city of Merv is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important historical sites in Central Asia. Once a major stop on the Silk Road, Merv’s ruins include the grand mausoleums of Sultan Sanjar and other significant historical figures. Exploring Merv gives you a deep insight into the region's rich history and its role in ancient trade routes.

Kunya-Urgench

Kunya-Urgench, another UNESCO World Heritage Site, is home to a collection of well-preserved ruins from the medieval Khorezm Empire. The city features impressive mausoleums, minarets, and the famous Kutlug Timur Minaret, which is one of the tallest in Central Asia. The site offers a fascinating glimpse into the architectural prowess of the ancient empire.

Yangykala Canyon

For those who love natural beauty, Yangykala Canyon is a must-visit. This breathtaking canyon features stunning red and white rock formations that create a dramatic landscape. It’s an excellent spot for hiking and photography, offering some of the most impressive views in the country.

Ashgabat

The capital city of Ashgabat is a unique blend of futuristic architecture and grandiose monuments. Highlights include the gilded Monument of Neutrality, the impressive Independence Monument, and the world’s largest indoor Ferris wheel. The city’s marble-clad buildings and meticulously manicured parks create a surreal and captivating urban environment.

Things to Do and Guided Tours

Explore the Karakum Desert

The vast Karakum Desert covers much of Turkmenistan and offers a range of activities for adventurous travelers. You can embark on a guided desert safari, experience camel riding, or camp under the starry skies. The desert's unique landscape and solitude provide a perfect backdrop for a memorable adventure.

Visit Nisa

The ancient Parthian city of Nisa, another UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located near Ashgabat. It was once the capital of the Parthian Empire and features impressive ruins, including fortresses, temples, and palaces. A guided tour of Nisa offers insights into the history and architecture of this ancient civilization.

Attend a Traditional Turkmen Horse Show

Turkmenistan is famous for its Akhal-Teke horses, known for their beauty and endurance. Attending a traditional horse show allows you to witness these magnificent creatures in action and learn about their significance in Turkmen culture. Many guided tours include a visit to horse breeding farms and shows.

Explore the Caspian Sea Coast

The Caspian Sea coast offers a different side of Turkmenistan, with its serene beaches and coastal towns. Turkmenbashi is a popular coastal city where you can relax by the sea, visit the Avaza National Tourist Zone, and enjoy water sports. Guided tours often include visits to local markets and cultural sites along the coast.

Discover Local Markets

Turkmenistan’s markets are a vibrant and colorful part of its culture. The Tolkuchka Bazaar in Ashgabat is one of the largest and most famous, offering everything from traditional carpets and textiles to fresh produce and spices. Exploring these markets with a guide can provide valuable insights into local customs and daily life.

The Best Time to Visit

Spring (March to May)

Spring is one of the best times to visit Turkmenistan, with mild temperatures and blooming landscapes. This season is ideal for exploring historical sites and enjoying outdoor activities without the extreme heat of summer.

Autumn (September to November)

Autumn is another excellent time to visit, with pleasant weather and fewer tourists. The cooler temperatures and vibrant fall colors make it a perfect season for sightseeing and cultural experiences.

Summer (June to August)

Summer in Turkmenistan can be extremely hot, especially in the desert regions. However, it’s a good time to visit the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea. If you’re planning to visit in summer, make sure to stay hydrated and take precautions against the heat.

Winter (December to February)

Winter is the off-season, with cooler temperatures and occasional snowfall in some regions. It’s a good time to explore indoor attractions in Ashgabat and enjoy the unique winter landscapes of the Karakum Desert.

Cities of Interest

Ashgabat

As the capital city, Ashgabat offers a blend of modernity and tradition. Known for its white marble buildings and grandiose monuments, the city provides a unique urban experience. Must-visit sites include the National Museum of Turkmenistan, the Independence Monument, and the Ertugrul Gazi Mosque.

Mary

Mary is the gateway to the ancient city of Merv and offers a more relaxed atmosphere compared to Ashgabat. The city itself has a few interesting sites, including the Regional Museum of History and Ethnography and the Russian Orthodox Church. Mary is an excellent base for exploring the historical treasures of Merv.

Turkmenbashi

Located on the Caspian Sea coast, Turkmenbashi is known for its beaches and the Avaza National Tourist Zone. The city’s port and local markets are worth exploring, and it serves as a good starting point for coastal adventures and visits to nearby natural attractions.

Dashoguz

Dashoguz is the closest city to the historical site of Kunya-Urgench. The city itself offers a glimpse into the daily life of northern Turkmenistan and is an excellent base for exploring the ancient ruins. The local market and Dashoguz Regional Museum are also worth a visit.

Balkanabat

Balkanabat, located in the western part of the country, is the gateway to the Yangykala Canyon and the Karakum Desert. The city’s proximity to these natural attractions makes it a convenient stop for travelers looking to explore Turkmenistan’s unique landscapes.

What to Expect: Food, Nightlife, and Culture

Food

Turkmen cuisine is a delicious blend of Central Asian flavors, with an emphasis on meat, bread, and dairy products. Must-try dishes include:

• Plov: A traditional rice dish cooked with lamb, carrots, onions, and spices.
• Shashlik: Skewered and grilled meat, often served with fresh vegetables and bread.
• Manti: Dumplings filled with meat and onions, typically steamed or boiled.
• Chorek: Traditional Turkmen bread, often baked in a clay oven.
• Gatyk: A type of fermented milk product, similar to yogurt, often served as a side dish.

Nightlife

Turkmenistan’s nightlife is relatively subdued compared to other countries, with a focus on cultural performances and traditional music. In Ashgabat, you can find a few modern bars and clubs, but the real nightlife experience lies in attending local cultural events, such as folk music concerts and dance performances. Traditional tea houses, known as “çayhanas,” are popular places to relax and socialize.

Culture

Turkmenistan’s culture is deeply rooted in its history and traditions. Key cultural experiences include:

• Horse Culture: The Akhal-Teke horses are a significant part of Turkmen heritage. Visiting horse farms and attending horse shows provide insights into this important aspect of the culture.
• Carpet Weaving: Turkmenistan is famous for its hand-woven carpets. Visiting a carpet workshop or museum allows you to see the intricate craftsmanship and learn about the cultural significance of these textiles.
• Festivals: Turkmenistan hosts several festivals throughout the year, celebrating everything from the National Day of Turkmenistan to traditional music and dance. These festivals offer a lively and colorful glimpse into the country’s cultural heritage.
• Traditional Clothing: The vibrant and richly decorated traditional clothing of Turkmenistan is a reflection of the country’s history and cultural diversity. Visiting local markets and museums can provide an appreciation for these beautiful garments.

Conclusion

Turkmenistan, with its unique blend of ancient history, stunning landscapes, and rich cultural heritage, offers a treasure trove of experiences for the adventurous traveler. From the fiery depths of the Darvaza Gas Crater to the serene beaches of the Caspian Sea, this Central Asian gem promises unforgettable adventures and discoveries. Whether you’re exploring the ancient ruins of Merv, marveling at the architectural wonders of Ashgabat, or immersing yourself in the vibrant culture, Turkmenistan is a destination that will leave you enchanted and inspired. Plan your visit to uncover the best of this enigmatic country and create memories that will last a lifetime.